Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil.
Season the chicken pieces with half of the salt and black pepper.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the chicken and cook until browned and cooked through, approximately 5 to 7 minutes.
Add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes to the skillet and sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
Add the angel hair pasta to the boiling water and cook according to package directions, typically 2 to 3 minutes until al dente.
Reserve 1/2 cup of the pasta cooking water, then drain the pasta.
Add the drained pasta to the skillet with the chicken and garlic.
Toss in the parmesan cheese, lemon juice, and fresh parsley, adding the reserved pasta water as needed to create a light sauce.
Season with the remaining salt and pepper to taste.
Serve immediately.