Grind the soaked chilies, cumin, peppercorns, cloves, cinnamon, ginger, garlic, and turmeric with vinegar into a smooth, thick paste.
Coat the beef cubes thoroughly with the spice paste and marinate in the refrigerator for at least 4 hours.
Heat vegetable oil in a heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat and sauté sliced onions until deeply caramelized and golden brown.
Add the marinated beef to the pot and sear for 8-10 minutes until the meat is browned on all sides.
Pour in 250ml of water and add salt, then bring the mixture to a gentle simmer.
Cover the pot with a tight-fitting lid and cook on low heat for 75 to 90 minutes until the beef is tender and the sauce has thickened.
Stir in the sugar to balance the acidity and adjust salt levels before serving hot with steamed basmati rice.