Heat the olive oil in a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed soup pot over medium heat.
Add the diced onion and sauté for approximately 5 minutes until translucent and soft.
Add the minced garlic and cook for an additional 1 minute until fragrant.
Place the chicken breasts into the pot and add the chicken broth, Great Northern beans, green chiles, corn, salt, pepper, cumin, oregano, chili powder, and cayenne pepper.
Increase the heat to medium-high and bring the mixture to a gentle boil.
Reduce the heat to low, cover the pot, and simmer for 20 minutes or until the chicken is fully cooked through (internal temperature of 165°F).
Remove the chicken breasts from the pot to a clean cutting board and shred using two forks.
Return the shredded chicken to the pot and stir in the softened cream cheese and half and half.
Continue to simmer uncovered for 5 to 10 minutes, stirring frequently, until the cream cheese is completely melted and the chili has thickened.
Stir in the fresh cilantro and serve hot with optional toppings like avocado, lime wedges, or tortilla chips.