Melt butter in a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed pot over medium-high heat.
Add the diced chicken and cook until browned on all sides and cooked through, approximately 5-7 minutes. Remove chicken from the pot and set aside.
In the same pot, add the diced onion and sauté for 3-4 minutes until translucent. Add the minced garlic and cook for an additional 60 seconds until fragrant.
Pour in the chicken broth and dried oregano. Bring the liquid to a rolling boil.
Add the broken fettuccine noodles to the boiling broth and cook until al dente, typically 8-10 minutes.
Reduce heat to medium-low. Stir in the heavy cream and return the cooked chicken to the pot.
Gradually whisk in the Parmesan cheese and nutmeg, stirring constantly until the cheese is completely melted and the soup has slightly thickened.
Fold in the baby spinach and cook for 1-2 minutes until wilted.
Season with salt and black pepper to taste. Serve immediately while hot.