Preheat oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit (165 degrees Celsius) and grease a 9-inch springform pan.
In a medium bowl, whisk together melted butter and 1 cup sugar, then whisk in 2 eggs and 1 teaspoon vanilla until smooth.
Stir in cocoa powder, flour, and salt until just combined. Pour the batter into the prepared springform pan.
Bake the brownie base for 20 minutes.
While the base is baking, beat the cream cheese and 1/2 cup sugar in a large bowl until smooth.
Mix in the sour cream, 2 eggs, and 1 teaspoon vanilla on low speed until fully incorporated.
Gently fold the 15 crushed Oreo cookies into the cheesecake batter.
Remove the brownie base from the oven and pour the cheesecake mixture directly over it.
Sprinkle the remaining 5 chopped Oreo cookies over the top of the cheesecake layer.
Bake for an additional 45 to 50 minutes until the edges are set but the center remains slightly jiggly.
Remove from oven and allow to cool at room temperature for 1 hour.
Refrigerate for at least 4 hours to ensure the cheesecake is fully set before slicing.