Heat olive oil in a large stockpot over medium heat.
Add onion, garlic, ginger, and red chili flakes to the pot and sauté for 5 minutes until the onion is translucent.
Incorporate the sliced carrots and sauté for an additional 5 minutes to slightly soften.
Add the vegetable broth and bring the mixture to a boil; reduce heat to low, cover, and simmer for 15 to 20 minutes until carrots are fork-tender.
Remove the pot from heat and use an immersion blender to process the soup until completely smooth.
In a small bowl, whisk the miso paste with 1/4 cup of the warm soup liquid until fully dissolved, then stir the mixture back into the pot.
Stir in the coconut milk and lime juice, heating gently on low if necessary; do not boil once miso is added.
Adjust seasoning with salt and black pepper to taste.
Ladle into bowls and garnish with fresh cilantro before serving.